Abortion Policy Paper free essay sample

In this document you will find my view on Abortion, and the policy I have proposed. You will also see the history and views of abortion. | PART 1: DEFINITION OF POLICY ISSUE Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Abortion is a highly controversial topic. It is controversial because there are many people on both sides of the issue, all with strong opinions. Some people may look at what is morally right, and not what is best for the mother or child. Abortion dates back to the ancient times, when the first settlers arrived and was legal. In the 1800’s states began to make abortion illegal. In that time period, abortion was considered extremely risky. At that time hospitals and antiseptics was not common. Between 1967 and 1973, one-third of the state’s liberalized or repealed their criminal abortion laws. However, on January 22, 1973 the court case Roe v. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion Policy Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wade made abortion legal and changed the public health policy. Abortion is important today because of funding and how people view the issue. Many think that money from the federal government should not fund abortions. For example, the Arkansas senate is aiming to cut off state funds to abortion providers. Another example is the North Dakota governor signed the â€Å"Heartbeat† Abortion Ban. Abortion is also important because of the role it plays in rape crimes, orphanages, and life threatening situations. Such as if a girl can not bear a child, or if the mother has seizures or other diseases. Also, our nation’s political parties have chosen sides on abortion. Democrats are liberal, they side with pro-choice. Republicans side with pro-life. Obama favors abortion; he thinks the choice of abortion should be up to the woman and her doctor. Mitt Romney, Sarah Palin, and George W. Bush are pro-life. Mitt Romney thinks women should only get an abortion unless it involves cases of rape, incest, or if the mother’s life is in mortal danger. All in all, abortion is still important today, it involves the society and our political parties. There are two sides to the abortion issue, pro-life and pro-choice. Pro-life believes in advocating full legal protection of embryos and fetuses. Pro-choice believes in advocating a woman’s right to control her own body. Both the pro-choice and pro-life have convincing arguments. An argument for pro-life is: â€Å"Since life begins at conception, abortion is akin to murder as it is the act of taking human life. Abortion is in direct defiance of the commonly accepted idea of the sanctity of human life. † An argument for pro-choice is: â€Å"Nearly all abortions take place in the first trimester, when a fetus cannot exist independent of the mother. As it is attached by the placenta and umbilical cord, its health is dependent on her health, and cannot be regarded as a separate entity as it cannot exist outside her womb. † There are many other arguments, viewpoints, and opinions. The one I listed is the ones I find most convincing. PART 2: MY POSITION My view on abortion is that women should be able to choose and decide for themselves. I am pro-choice. I am pro-choice because I think making abortion illegal will cause more women to die. Every year, 78,000 women die from unsafe abortions. I also think that religious idealology is no foundation for any law. Freedom of religion is guaranteed in the first amendment. I am pro-choice because I think it is unfair for a woman who has been raped to carry out her pregnancy. Also, if incest occurred, it is unsafe for the victim to have the baby. Teen girls whose bodies are not yet ready to bear a child are five times more likely to die from abortion. Each year 70,000 girls, aged 15-19 die from pregnancy and child birth. Abortion also reduces the number of children in orphanages. These are the most important facts of why I am pro-choice. Although I am pro-choice, there are compelling arguments from the pro-life side. Abortion should be illegal because abortion is just like murder. Also, an abortion can result in medical complications later in life such as pelvic inflammatory disease. Abortion should not be used as another form of contraceptive. Women who want â€Å"control over their body† should be responsible and prevent unwanted pregnancy. Preventing an unwanted pregnancy is by being smart, responsible, and using contraceptives like condoms and birth control. Abortion also causes intense psychological pain and stress. But, so does carrying a child that you got from being a victim of rape or incest. PART 3: PROPOSAL AND POLICY SOLUTION As a congressman, I propose that you consider funding abortion. However, only in cases in which the mother was raped, incest, health risking, or doesn’t have the funds to raise a baby. Some positive things you could do include: having classes, fairs, and other occasions to raise awareness of abortion and it’s after effects. Funding for abortion should be made available to clinics in low income places and women centers. Overall, as a congressman you should fund abortion, not everyone has the funds. Abortions cost anywhere from $350 to $550. If you don’t fund abortion it’s an infringement of a woman’s right. With the recommendations I listed, I propose that you go to places where not many people know about abortion. Also, you could reach out to local hospitals and high schools. If abortion is funded it can potentially decrease the number of unsafe abortions and death tolls. I am glad to have showed you my views and other views from different people. I am pro-choice and I think that you should fund abortion.

Technology and Society essays

Technology and Society essays Technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn, and think. It helps define society and determines how one interacts with others on a daily basis. Technology has both positive and negative affects on society including the possible improvement or declination of society. Society is defined as, the sum of social relationships among human beings and technology is defined as, the body of knowledge available to a civilization that is of use in fashioning implements, practicing manual arts and skills, and extracting or collecting materials. Technology shapes our society and has both positive and negative affects. One aspect of technology that has had great impact upon society is mechanical inventions. Before machines were invented everything had to be handmade. For example, before automobiles were invented many citizens means of transportation was the wagon. While the automobile industry did eliminate the need for individuals whose occupation was making wagons, it also created numerous job opportunities including work in factories and on assembly lines. The obvious positive affect of such a change was the efficiency such inventions created in the lives of everyday citizens. However, as is the case with any change, society had to reevaluate the traditions that had for so long been in place, creating a sense of tension and unrest for those not ready for the change. This is only one example of how technology has affected society both positively and negatively. Technology has made huge advancements in the way that we communicate with others. Phones, e-mails, instant messenger, and the Internet are all a part of the technology todays citizens take for granted. However, with these new and improved forms of communication and information accessing comes unforeseen problems and glitches. The Internet, while making all information only a click away, has also had negativ ...

God - Given Skill essays

God - Given Skill essays God Given Skill An artist is a person skilled in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others (artist Websters New World Dictionary). People associate artist with painters, sculptures, and drawers. Many artists recognize their gift at early ages. Although, many artist use their skill to show their cultures and feelings, the word artist, when heard people think Picasso, Van Gogh, Monet, or Cassett. When people hear Black American Artist, they think of people who do African Art. However, many Black American Artists specialize in many other things other than African Art. Faith Ringgold, Jean Michel Basquait, William Tolliver, Jeremy, Maurice, and Robert Love, Kathleen Wilson, Charles Bibbs, Renee Cox and Paul Goodnight are famous Black Artists who have shaped the world of art for many up comings. An overnight success, born in Brooklyn, New York, Jean Michel Basquait lit the torch for many black artists. Like other artists before him, Basquait started his work as a teenager. Basquait was skilled in the art of graffiti, the use of spray paint cans to depict pictures and words. At the age of nineteen, Jean Michel Basquait became famous for his art -work. His shows anticipated as the big events of the New York season, and his painting, were bought by the most powerful collectors and museums (Jean Michel Basquait by Annan Boodram pg.22). Baquait started his painting on subway cars and the walls of buildings in Brooklyn. Basquaits paintings and drawings conjured up marginal urban black culture and black history, as well as the artists own conflicted sense of identity. Jean Michel Baquaits friend and idol was Andy Warhol. However, at the age of 27, Basquait died of an overdose on drugs. He was the first black artist to really succeed in the powerful white art - world, his early de ath shows that he was cas...

How Do I Find the Right Job for Me (A Comprehensive Guide)

How Do I Find the Right Job for Me (A Comprehensive Guide) there’s a vast career world out there, fill with jobs of all kinds. regardless of your situation, finding the right job is never easy. maybe you’re fresh out of school and not quite sure where to begin with your career. maybe you’ve started out for a year or so and realized you’re on the wrong foot, and want to see what else is out there. hey, maybe you’ve put in 10-20 years and have realized you want to explore a new avenue. whatever the case, we want to provide you with the best jobs out there for a variety of scenarios. read on, start researching, and find the right job (and hopefully career) that will bring out the best in you.best jobs with a high school diplomaif you have your high school degree in hand and are looking to enter the working world right away, you’re in luck: there are a world of jobs out there, and some of them come with a hefty paycheck:your top 10 job options with a high school diploma11 high paying jobs that donâ€℠¢t require a college degreesearch for moneymaking jobs you can get with a high school diplomaand if you need a leg up on your job hunt, we’re here for you on that. thejobnetwork has thousands of listings for you to explore, no matter what field you hope to enter. check a few out below, and search for yourself to find the specific type of nursing that interests you.search for:air traffic controller  jobsconstruction manager jobscourt reporter jobsreal estate broker jobsbest jobs with a  college degreeif you’ve made your way through a higher education program, another world of jobs can open up for you: from banking to broadcasting, or teaching to transportation. you’re only limited by your reseach and your job applications. read on to learn more about the many avenues open to you–some that can come with a hefty paycheck!the best jobs for recent college graduates10 highest paying jobs for college graduatessearch for moneymaking jobs you can get with a co llege  diplomalet thejobnetwork help you find these great gigs. check out the below for listings, or search on your own to explore any field–thousands of listings await!search for:pharmaceutical sales rep jobsregistered nurse jobsweb designer jobssoftware developer jobsbest jobs for a happy lifemaybe you’re not only out to find employment, you’re also out to design a career that will keep you (and by association, your family) happy. did you know it’s 100% possible to find a gig that you enjoy going to most days? and not only that, some of these jobs also come with a sweet paycheck.13 best jobs for good work life-balancetop 7 least stressful jobs that pay big money [infographic]and hey, while you’re planning out something practical (like the jobs above), you can also dare to dream. check out these pie-in-the-sky jobs and imagine a life of riding waterslides all day.15 best jobs in the world search for jobs that give you a balanced lifecheck out th ese listings from thejobnetwork for jobs that pay well and don’t occupy you at all hours of the day (and weekends!)technical writer jobsphysical therapist jobsoptometrist jobsbest jobs for a hefty paycheckmaybe you have your eye on the prize–that is, a prize paycheck that will pay the bills†¦ and then some. take a look at the following, where we explore the highest paying jobs in several industries.  whether you want to commit to a nursing degree and full-time career or pick up some extra work on the side, these will give you a place to start and a direction to pursue if you need to find gigs that offer the highest pay for your time.top 7 highest paying nursing jobswhich fields have the highest paying administrative jobs?10 high-paying construction jobs that don’t require a college degree10 highest paying part time jobssearch high-paying jobsbegin by checking out these listings which give you a sense of what’s open and the credentials you’ll need to land your next (or first) job.translator jobsnurse practitioner jobspersonal trainer jobsdatabase administrator jobscarpenter jobsbest jobs in every area of the countryno matter where you live (or where you want to move, or where you have to move), we’ve got you covered. read on to explore the top jobs in every region of the united states. if you’re in a rut and want to know what’s thriving or need to move and what to know what to pursue, it can help to understand where your area of the country specializes and whether or not there’s a role for you.the top 5 jobs in every major industry in the westtop 5 jobs in the southwesttop 5 jobs in the midwestthe top 5 major industry jobs in the southeastthe top 5 jobs in the northeastthe top jobs in the u.s. mountain plains region5 of the best cities to find a job in right nowmaybe you’re fresh out of high school or college, diploma in hand, and wondering how to shape your career. taking a look at a map of the country and then planning your path according to what is lucrative and hiring is a smart and targeted way to find career success!search  top jobs in each regionlooking for a job right now? check out the below listings for popular  jobs in every area of the u.s.:web developer jobsactuary jobsoperations research analyst jobsmedical assistant jobsoffice manager jobswhether you’re just staring out or looking for a big change, thejobnetwork has you covered, no matter your experience level or desired field. search today and start your career!

Use of forensics in the court system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Use of forensics in the court system - Essay Example Scientists also act as professional witnesses involved in the presentation of evidence. In courts, the magnitude of the crime determines the frequency of usage of science in the court systems. Scientific applications are increasingly used in common crimes including car theft and burglary. With the availability of DNA evidence, the uncovering rate goes up by 30 percent (Desportes, 2008). Forensic discipline can successfully convict criminals, and also pardon innocent people. The Forensic Science Service meets the forensic needs of precise police investigations. The agency dealt with thousands of cases in 2005, and the agency staffs appeared as expert witnesses in courts cases in over 2,000 cases. These experts include individuals such as psychologists, medical doctors or welfare professional (Starling, 2007). Scientific techniques used in forensic science do not need to pass formal tests for the admissibility of evidence derived from it in the courts; that task belongs to the judges. Courts have the discretion of using vast and latest technological and scientific knowledge in their activities. Forensic science successfully convicts criminals or pardon innocent people (Desportes, 2008). Forensic science does not lack it flaws, and its applicability in criminal justice needs reforms. Reforms are necessary to ensure accurate and fair criminal system. Reforms are necessary to improve objectivity, independence and reliability of forensic study. Common perceptions concerning forensic analysis as an objective and precise science obscures the fact that forensic science involves flexible interpretations by individual, professional analysts. However, with implementation of reforms, forensic science is a valuable tool that for the court justice system in its endeavor of seeking justice and

Tanzimat and the nineteenth-century reforms were a tragedy Essay

Tanzimat and the nineteenth-century reforms were a tragedy - Essay Example These reforms did not fare too well and several reasons can be assigned to this. Scholars have given different descriptions for the Tanzimat reforms. One of the common conclusions drawn by most historians is that it was a complete failure. Several theses are put forward to explain this failure. One of them asserts that: Tanzimat and the nineteenth-century reforms were a tragedy. Turning towards the West was an imposition, not a choice This paper examines Tanzimat into great depth. In doing this, the research will begin by assessing the background of Tanzimat. The research will go further to view the position of Tanzimat in Ottoman history. This will provide the position of the reforms in the history of the Empire and set the framework for the discussion on whether it was a tragedy. It will also assess whether Tanzimat was based on some kind of imposition or a mimicry of Western political structures. Inherent Elements of the Tanzimat In order to examine the successes and failures of T anzimat, this section of the essay will examine the inherent elements of Tanzimat and show its position in the Ottoman Society. This will give an understanding of important indicators and yardsticks that can be used for further analysis. â€Å"The word tanzimat means 'reforms', 'rearrangement' and 'reorganisation' and in Ottoman history, the Tanzimat period refers to a time of Westernizing reforms from 1839 until 1876†1. ... As a policy, rebellious states defeated by the central Ottoman authority. In investigating the origins of Tanzimat, Kadduri and Liebesny state that â€Å"reforms wrere began in the army in the late 18th Century but met strong resistance that led to the assassination of Sultan Selim III in 1807. In 1826, during the reign of Mahmud II, reforms were revived (this time extending beyond the military field) and in the year of 1839 when Abdulmecid was on the throne†2. In the era prior to Tanzimat, power in the Ottoman Empire was centralized and remained in the hands of the Sultan. Sultan Mahmoud II (1800 – 1839) had full and absolute control over state affairs. The conquered territories within the domain of the Ottoman Empire were forcibly integrated into the union and rebellions were not tolerated. â€Å"Mahmud II expended considerable efforts to smash the power of local strongmen and in some parts of the empire, including north-eastern Bulgaria, he was successful†3. T anzimat was meant to move the nation from this military oriented governance that was steeped in the use of force and imposed standards to a more liberal approach that characterised modern nations in that time. Parallels can be drawn from the French Revolution and the American Revolutions which had led to the recognition of civil liberties of individuals and freedoms to citizens. Mustafa Resit Pasa is described as the Father of Tanzimat by many historians. In investigating his rise to power, Shaw identifies that Mustafa Pasa was born in Istambul in 1800 and had began by studying administration, however he cut his service and served his uncle who took him onto an expedition in Moreia4. Pasa witnessed the defeat of the old Ottoman army to Greek rebels who used modern military regimes and due to this, he saw

Portfolio theory and invesntment analysis Assignment

Portfolio theory and invesntment analysis - Assignment Example In fact, it is required to estimate current investment strategy of the charity and then to propose actions for its improvement. Let us suppose that the portfolio has stocks. Structure of is determined by weights of stocks, . Per se, efficient portfolio allows the charity to obtain high expected values of return under tolerable value of risk. Efficient portfolio is determined by optimal weights of stocks, . In general, portfolios with high values of allow to achieve well optimized and efficient solutions but such portfolios are expensive to operate and difficult to analyze and manage. On the other hand, portfolios with small values of are cheap to operate and easy to manage but often such portfolios are too weakly diversified to be able to track the entire market or to beat the market index. Let us consider by examples how to determine optimal values of and weights and how to analyze structure of efficient portfolio . The present portfolio of the charity is concentrated in equity shares in leading U.K. companies. So, it is reasonable to suppose that each of them is in the top of the FTSE 100 Index, a capitalization-weighted index of the 100 most highly capitalized U.K. companies traded on the LSE. For instance, let us select1 the 7 largest constituents of the FTSE 100 Index. As of 9 December 2007, these ones were RDSA.L & RDSB.L, BP.L, HSBA.L, VOD.L, GSK.L, RIO.L, and RBS.L. Then, let us consider values of their market capitalization and also betas vs. UKX: Company Symbol Market Cap (millions ) Fraction (%) Beta vs. UKX Royal Dutch Shell PLC RDSA.L, RDSB.L 127,532.881 20.48 0.934, 0.983 BP PLC BP.L 117,355.224 18.85 1.056 HSBC Holdings PLC HSBA.L 101,548.136 16.31 0.723 Vodafone Group PLC VOD.L 98,199.053 15.77 1.068 GlaxoSmithKline PLC GSK.L 72,271.602 11.61 0.643 Rio Tinto PLC RIO.L 57,299.112 9.20 1.353 Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC RBS.L 48,380.050 7.77 1.083 It is known that around 40% of the charity's portfolio is invested in one of these stocks, say, BP.L; the investment in each of the others is around 10%. In case of passive investment strategy the charity uses tracking portfolio, in which each of 7 fractions must reflect (sic!) market capitalization of appropriate leading company; e.g. see Focardi & Fabozzi (2004). Inasmuch as real market fractions of top 7 U.K. companies are distributed quite otherwise than in the charity's portfolio, we may conclude that the charity uses rather active than passive investment strategy. It seems that such choice of the investment strategy is quite reasonable. In case of passive investing the charity attempts at least "track" the market which is characterized, say, by the FTSE All-Share Index. If the market is down in a given period, the charity with an indexing strategy will also find investment performance reflecting that decline. Of course, such investing is a low-cost strategy due to reduced security analysis and insignificant start portfolio management costs. However, there are certain tracking errors when the tracking portfolio can not follow

Advocacy campaign against child abuse Assignment

Advocacy campaign against child abuse - Assignment Example Child abuse is an issue popular and existing worldwide. However, contrary to what most people know, it does not only mean inflicting physical harm on a child. This is a common misconception. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada child abuse occurs when a parent, guardian, or caregiver mistreats or neglects a child, resulting in injury, significant emotional or psychological harm, or serious risk of harm to the child.Child abuse can take many forms, the most common and well-known of which is physical abuse. It is any deliberate application of force on a child's body, which causes or may cause injury. Another form is sexual abuse which involves an adult using a child for any sexual purpose.Not providing a child's essential needs is classified as neglect. This form of child abuse can further be categorized into physical and emotional neglect.The last type of child abuse is the emotional abuse which means attacking a child's sense of self.Up to about 80 to 98% of children suffe r physical punishment in their homes with a third or more experiencing severe physical punishment resulting from the use of implements.In 2004, 218 million children were involved in child labor, with 126 million exposed to hazardous work This is a clear reflection of how rampant child abuse is. It is a universal concern.It is a major social problem. It is, therefore, necessary to start an effective campaign against this issue to save more children from being victims of violence.The project, basically, involves producing an effective advocacy campaign against child abuse. Since the media has always been known and proven to be effective in disseminating information, it is the best tool to use in trying to make the campaign known to a wider scope of audience and a larger market. The project is going to be a TV advertisement because TV reaches more people as compared to the radio and print media. Taking advantage of this media technology would give better chances of selling the idea tha t child abuse should be stopped. Aside from its benevolent purpose of helping the oppressed, this project will open doors for the advertising agency by drawing in more clients, such as cause-oriented groups and private firms who are willing to shed out money for the production of an effective, cause-oriented campaign. This equates to more money and even more opportunities. If this project becomes successful, there will be enough funds to invest on manpower which will allow the agency to have a bigger production. This will then lead to expansion, and therefore, more profit. PROJECT REQUIREMENTS, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Requirements The first and most important thing that the project requires is a production team-composed of a director, production assistant, scriptwriter, editor, visual artist, cameraman and other crew members deemed necessary. This team will be in charge of conceptualizing the flow of the campaign- from the storyline, to the storyboard, the script, and the production process. The production process will be divided into three stages, pre-production, production and the post-production. Before beginning with the rest of the steps, there should be adequate data which will serve as bases for the storyline and the script. Gathering of the necessary materials should be done by the researcher. The necessary production equipment and materials, such as the video camera, props, costumes and others should also be provided. As part of the production, the appropriate talents or actors will also be needed for this project

Doctrine of Precedent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Doctrine of Precedent - Essay Example But in due course, to cope with the administration of the colony, the English in Australia, simply acquired almost all of the prevailing British law at their discretion and for their easiest convenience, started applying them according to the call of the circumstances in the colony. Thus, common law of Britain which originated in the thirteenth century based unevenly on Roman traditions became the guiding principles of the current legal system of Australia. The Australian legal system founded on the common law has the elements of trial by jury, adversarial system and presumption of innocence. But as the society became civilized and the living conditions changed, many of the existed laws became incapable to meet the challenging situations and requirements of the people. Hence, legislation was required to formulate new statutes or Acts to meet the varying needs of the people. These legislations were enacted to broaden the living style of the people and also to regulate the society as a whole, to bring in equity of law. However, the laws based on the doctrine of precedent or case laws edge over the statutory laws, because of its simplicity in its application facilitating decisions on a case by the jury. The statement that the current Australian legal system exhibits an increasing reliance on statute law must be analyzed in the above context, and in order to verify its sanctity it is necessary to have a clear picture of the law structure of the Australian legal system. (Robin Banks, 2006, Law Australia, Legal Information Access Centre, (Sydney, NSW), http://www.liac.sl.nsw.g ov.au/hot/pdf/aust_leg_syst_60.pdf. viewed on 9th May, 2009) Classification and Sources of Law Law can be classified into two, as public law and private law. Public law is criminal law and is concerned with matters of the State whereas, private law is civil law pertaining to the matters of individuals. Criminal law is used to suppress criminal offences by punishing the accused. Civil law deals with disputes between individuals Australian law is based on the system of common law and its procedures are (i) the adversarial nature of court proceedings, and (ii) the appeal provisions. The sources of the law are statute law and case law, and they are of equal validity. Statute law known as Act is enacted law made by parliament. Case law is the principles of law arrived at by the judges in court decisions. (Victoria Law Foundation, 2009, Law & Our legal systems, Chapter-1, http://www.rurallaw.org.au/handbook/xml/ch01s02.php, viewed on 9th May, 2009) History of Case Law and the guiding Principles According to Baker, 'A precedent is a decision or judgment of a court, which is used as authority for reaching the same decision in subsequent cases.' (Baker J.H., 1979, An Introduction to English Legal History p. 171, Butterworths, London) However, it should be noted that Australia has a federal structure and that it has a parliament for each state and also has one for the Commonwealth. The Federal system of government was established by the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900. The colonies became states and the states joined to form a Federation. The Law making power is vested with the Federal government as well as the state governments The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty demands that nobody can annul a law promulgated by the parliament, whereas, common law can be changed through

Learning Disabilities Essay Example for Free

Learning Disabilities Essay Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. However, properly identifying the problem and determining the best steps to assist in managing the disability will be vital in their young lives in helping them to achieve their goals. Life can be difficult and sometimes cruel for children, let alone children that are dealing with learning disabilities. A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process and respond to information. Cognitive theory and children with learning disabilities have a close relationship. When talking about children who have learning disabilities, it is safe to say that they are not always identified in its earliest stage, which then can lead to long term problems in an individual’s life. From physical, emotional, and social obstacles, all of which they will encounter at some point in their lives if the necessary measures are not taken to help these children. Not having the organizational abilities to acquire the knowledge as it may be taught, limits the ability to properly learn. From the articles I have selected, Children With and Without Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Processes and Outcomes Following Group Counseling, Analogical Problem Solving in Children With Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities, Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference?, The Inhibition of Exogenous Distracting Information in Children with Learning Disabilities, and Cognitive functioning as measured by the WISC-R: Do children with learning disabilities have distinctive patterns of performance?, I will provide insight on how, why, and what the resolutions  are for these children. My chosen theory is relevant to my topic because a learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process and respond to information. A child with a learning disability may not have any major sensory problems yet they may still struggle to keep up with people of their age in functions of learning and regular daily activities. Through our development process, we become equipped with skills in order to grow, succeed, and evolve into our adult life. When a development stage, cognitive development stage, shows that the basic listening, comprehension, writing, reading, speaking, and the ability to reason are not present, someone needs to identify and address the situation as early on as possible in order for the child to have a chance to grow in all other stages of development. â€Å"Children With and Without Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Processes and Outcomes Following Group Counseling† article will help to shed some light on the events that occur during the counseling process. â€Å"Analogical Problem Solving in Children With Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities† will help me explain how the children struggle with problem solving when dealing with a learning disability. In the article â€Å"Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference?† will identify the importance of having a good, functioning ability to memorize and how children that have learning disabilities usually lack this ability. Cognitive Theory and Learning Disabilities Cognitive theory and children with learning disabilities have a close relationship. When talking about children who have learning disabilities, it is safe to say that they are not always identified in its earliest stage, which then can lead to long term problems in an individual’s life. From physical, emotional, and social obstacles, all of which they will encounter at some point in their lives if the necessary measures are not taken to help these children. Not having the organizational abilities to acquire the knowledge as it may be taught, limits the ability to properly  learn. A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process and respond to information. A child with a learning disability may not have any major sensory problems yet they may still struggle to keep up with people of their age in functions of learning and regular daily activities. Through our development process, we become equipped with skills in order to grow, succeed, and evolve into our adult life. When a development stage, cognitive development stage, shows that the basic listening, comprehension, writing, reading, speaking, and the ability to reason are not present, someone needs to identify and address the situation as early on as possible in order for the child to have a chance to grow in all other stages of development. An example of the theory and condition where the two are intertwined would be when a child is in school and could be having difficulties with what other children take for granted as being simple skills that have been learned through development and interaction with parents, teachers, etc. In this child’s situation, he/she does not have the ability to understand the story that he had just read, and now has the task of answering questions about the story in writing. His cognitive development stage for some reason has not evolved the way it should have, which now has left him battling a learning disability that may have gone unnoticed by his parents. In this situation, it is now up to the teacher to be able to identify what is taking place and to make sure that the child receives the necessary attention and evaluation in order to help him/her overcome and cope with what they are struggling with. The difficult part in the whole process is identifying learning disabilities early on and being able to treat them appropriately and in a timely manner. With children, unless significant signs are present, the struggles early on could be attributed to just being a child if one isn’t familiar with the signs of a disability. Once the disability is diagnosed, many options and opportunities are present to help assist in the overcoming of the problems. However, if the disability goes undetected or ignored for too long, a life  of challenges lies ahead for the individual. Literature Review -Children With and Without Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Processes and Outcomes Following Group Counseling. Authors name: Leichtentritt, Judith; Shechtman, Zipora. Publication date: Mar/Apr 2010 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: This study compared outcomes and processes in counseling groups of an expressive-supportive modality for children with learning disabilities (LD) and without them (NLD). Article relevance: This article provides and inside look and results into determining what the best form of counseling is for children with learning disabilities. -Analogical Problem Solving in Children With Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities. Authors name: Schiff, Rachel; Bauminger, Nirit Publication date: Jan 2009 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: In this study, they investigated the analogical problem-solving differences between children with verbal learning disabilities (VLD), nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD), or non-LD. Article relevance: This reference will help to show the struggles that LD children have in problem solving and the great disadvantage that they must overcome with this disability. Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference? Authors name: Maehler, C; Schuchardt, K. Publication date: Jan 2009 Title of publication: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Summary: The present study explored several functions of working memory. A working memory battery with tasks for the phonological loop, the visual-spatial sketchpad and central executive skills was presented in individual sessions to 27 children with learning disabilities and normal IQ (ICD-10: mixed disorders of scholastic skills), 27 children with learning disabilities and low IQ (intellectual disabilities), and a control group of 27 typically  developing children with regular school achievement levels and normal IQ. Article relevance: To show a comparison on how the functions of the brain are affected when dealing with a child with a learning disability. -The Inhibition of Exogenous Distracting Information in Children with Learning Disabilities. Authors name: Censabella, Sandrine; Marie-Pascale Noà «l Publication date: Sept/Oct 2005 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: This article reports on an experiment examining the capacities of children with LD to inhibit exogenous interference, such as automatic, prepotent responses and distractor interference. Article relevance: To support the fact that children with LD have interference with there working memory and to explain the possible solutions. -Cognitive functioning as measured by the WISC-R: Do children with learning disabilities have distinctive patterns of performance? Authors name: Amedeo D Angiulli; Siegel,Linda S. Publication date: Jan/Feb 2003 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: Patterns of performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) have been proposed as useful tools for the identification of children with learning disabilities (LD Article relevance: Support in the findings that children with an LD show a pattern in performance that can be determined in early stages in order to counteract the disability. Conclusion The reality of the situation is that learning disabilities in children will always be around. The hope is that someday, with improving knowledge and experimentation, we will have a solution in the process of treating the disability that will allow for the children that have the issues to not feel isolated. The fear alone of a child falling behind in school and in their social life is a stressful situation for that child. Identifying the  disability early and treating it properly is the key to a life without handcuffs.

Meeting Criteria for Early Years Foundation Standards

Meeting Criteria for Early Years Foundation Standards Unit 3 Early years foundation standards are guidelines with in which a childcare facility work, members of staff must be checked by â€Å"Disclosure and barring service†, complete a Health declaration, least one member of staff needs a paediatric first aid certificate and should obtain a level 3 childcare qualification before they start caring for children, one member of staff must have suitable experience with under 2s, at least half of all other staff must hold a level 2 qualification in child care. The children’s health and safety is paramount. Child care facilities must work within the correct adult to child ratio, only permitting the correct number of children for the space they have available. Children under 2 1 adult -3 children Children aged 2 1 adult – 4 children Children aged 3+ 1 adult – 8 children Good. Within the facility provisions must be made for the development of every child, no child is excluded, every child must be supported in fulfilling their maximum potential, the early years stages have a long and lasting effect on the child’s future and ability to start school, no child should be left behind. Each child will be assessed so all of their needs can be met on an individual level and they have a personal plan in place so they succeed in all areas. The plan set in place should be available to parents, cares and any outside practitioner such as health visitors if needed. Every child should have equal opportunity, face no discriminatory actions and every child must be included and fully supported in their learning environment. Practitioners must remember every child is unique, they need to forge positive relationships, offer enabling environments, and plan varied activities as each child learns in a different way and at different rate , every child will have a key person, this person is the point of contact with the child’s parent or carer, they are responsible for helping the child be happy and safe, they are responsible for that child’s care, development and learning, they keep clear notes of the child’s progress and help parents with ideas for their child’s progress at home.( www.gov.uk//policies//early-years-foundation-stage) There are seven main criteria for the early year’s foundation the three prime areas are: Communication and language Physical development Personal, social and emotional development. Then there are four specific areas: Literacy Mathematics Understanding the world Expressive art and design. These core guides must be implemented into children’s everyday environment, communication and language: Children need to talk freely to one another and adults alike, roll play encourages children to interact, asking the children to describe things being big or small, talk about family members being male and female, young or old, encourage them to use descriptive language, and help them understand how it relates to them. Physical development: These activities develop the child’s skills set in handling equipment or showing control and co-ordination this is done with games or dance that involve pushing or pulling or outside games that use ball skills such as patting or kicking, throwing and catching, all of these skills help develop the child’s body and hand and eye co-ordination. Personal, social and emotional development: These skills are the ones a child needs to be confident, to talk and play with other children, to talk about themselves and their own environmen t, to talk about who they are. Doing an activity as simple as â€Å"show and tell† would give the child confidence to talk about something they love or something they have done, if you have children from many different cultures talking about their festivals and traditions encourages understanding of others. Literacy: Children love to be read to so try to use a story that is repetitive, giving the children confidence to join in, or ask the children to make up an alternative ending to a favourite story. Giving each child a word card and going round the room and using those words to build a story would help a child understand the context of the word and phonic sounds to build a word. Mathematics: Children enjoy filling and emptying bottles and containers using sand or water, doing so helps to understand, volume and size, building blocks can help them count, how many blocks can you build up before they collapse. Understanding the world: Children need to know where and how they fi t in, looking at traditions and festivals across all cultures encourages an understanding of self, making festival food , or making a garland worn at a wedding ceremony, helps the children understand the importance of different cultures, they also need to understand the natural world so going on a bug hunt, looking at the life cycle of a butterfly or creating a garden full of food for insects, this would help them understand the things they have seen and why there important to us as humans. Expressive art and design: Children like exploring and using many different materials, clay, play dough, card and paper, they can experiment with how to change their shape and form, use glue or tape and colour. Children like to be imaginative model making is a great way to encourage imagination and develop skills, mixing paint in to a variety of colours, so they can see that you only need primary colours to make any colour you wish. Respecting and valuing individuality Children and families must feel respect for who they are regardless of colour, race or sexual orientation, it’s the practitioners’ job to lead by example the children must understand that everybody is different, everybody has strengths and weaknesses, and everybody is valued. Encouraging manners, caring attitude and understanding will help children become well-rounded young adults. Children should be encouraged to celebrate their cultural differences, and to respect others family backgrounds, this needs to be done in a sharing way, having a world day were the children can look at different countries, the animals living there, the food, maybe ask a parent to ready a native story, it would bring to life the differences giving them greater understanding of where they fit in and how we all fit together. It is important for children not only to share their cultural differences but also their personal differences, some children are good at art some are good at swimming, helpi ng them celebrate their achievements helps children see that everybody is good at something but not all good at the same thing. Doing group activities helps the child learn to work as a team, encourage problem solving, help the children listen and negotiate with one another, or take time at lunch to sit together, talk politely, understanding that eating with the right cutlery and washing your hands before you sit down are all normal behaviour. Activity: Outcome: Awards, celebrate the children’s achievements in and out of care setting Reinforce positive self-image Make a class photo album, ask children to bring photos of family celebrations, and explore the different festivals across the cultures. Bring to life the different festivals and celebrations that happen around the world. Encourage understanding of other peoples culture Give children positive role models such as gold medal paralympians, put posters up around the room for the children to admire Let children understand that being disabled is not a negative and great achievements can still be made Include toys and play equipment that reflect other cultures, such as dressing up clothes, kitchen utensils in the play kitchen, puzzles and dolls By playing with these objects the children will become familiar with different cultures Cook food from around the world. Let the children make and taste different foods that they might not have everyday This activity would stimulate them and get them talking about feeling, texture, smell and taste. Cooking activities also help with measuring and science, and help children to understand health and safety and good hygiene. Sing songs and read stories from around the world, include rhymes and action songs Children love to participate; this activity is great for children whose first language is not English. Positive and negative behaviour Positive reinforcement is a technique used by care givers to modify behaviour, this involves giving positive reinforcement as often as possible, and reminding the children that negative behaviour will have consequences as a carer it is best to focus on the positive but if a negative occurs it needs to be dealt with swiftly and an explanation as to why it is negative behaviour, help the child to develop empathy, the child needs to know it is their behaviour you disapprove of not them as a person, if a child is consistently reprimanded for negative behaviour they will quickly become labelled as â€Å"the naughty child†, an action plan must be made for this child so that positive reinforcement can turn the situation around and positive behaviour becomes the norm. At no time should there be: pain, punishment, intimidation, yelling, degradation, humiliation, shame or guilt this would only hurt and confuse the child. Children need a positive environment to develop their self-esteem, emotional growth and well-being. (www.positivereinforcementforkids.com) Behaviour is not learned once but learned every day. Consistency is the key to dealing with any behavioural situation, children respond to set boundaries and feel safe knowing what is expected of them, let the children know what kind of behaviour you are looking for, with older children they could help set the consequences of their negative behaviour; it would encourage them to be more positive as they have set the rules. As the care giver you need to remain positive at all times it is your professional duty to do so, be a positive care giver, a negative attitude leads to a negative outcome! Consistency is key. Boundaries are needed to establish right from wrong. Children understand the their behaviour has consequences- both positive and negative Reward positive behaviour: give out stickers, or mark with a kind word â€Å"Thank you for being kind and helpful†, â€Å"Your team work was great†. Make the children feel valued and important. Star chart: so the children know that with consistent positive behaviour also comes reward. Praise the child for the effort not just their achievements, praise them for their strengths and remind them everyone is different. If you praise one child use the opportunity to encourage the rest of the group. Managing conflict We all encounter conflict every day, in the childcare environment it’s child to child conflict or child to adult conflict, study’s done at Texas tech uni by Dennis, Colwell and Lindsey show that girls often have child to child conflict that is more often than not resolved within their peer group, whereas boys often have child to adult conflict and that boys look to the adult to resolve the conflict.(www.kon.org/urc/dennis) As the practitioner it’s you job to manage conflict, like many life lessons children need to be equipped to deal with it, Vygotsky: a Russian social development theorist said â€Å" conflict provides a learning experience for children and in doing so they would learn to function better in the social context†, (www.simplypsychology.org) Vygotsky’s theory is not that uncommon amongst child behavioural theorist, his arguments are supported by the likes of Erikson who thought â€Å" life is full of conflict and in order to become a b etter person one must resolve conflict in each stage of life†. Often conflict is cause because of the developmental stage the child is at and they as children have not reached the stage where they have empathy or understanding, or sometimes children act out because it has become their learned behaviour, it is the way they have been treated or something they have seen in their everyday lives due to lack of good role models. As the care giver you need to step back and ask: Why is the child acting this way? What has made the child feel like this? Is it a cry for help? Does he/she need my understanding and empathy towards their feelings? Are the Childs need being met, are they unhappy, scared, confused or frustrated? Are they tired or hungry? Conflict is often born out of a misunderstanding, if identified quickly it can be resolved quickly, children need to feel that their side of the story is heard, as the care giver it is up to you to guide the situation from one of upset and stress on to a calmer and more positive footing, with a peaceful conflict resolution. Bibliography www.gov.uk//policies//early-years-foundation-stage http://www.positivereinforcementforkids.com/ www.simplypsychology.org www.kon.org/urc/dennis

Toys R Us and the Nightmare before Christmas :: Personal Narrative Writing

Toys R Us and the Nightmare before Christmas When I tell people I worked at a toy store, they tend to respond with, â€Å"Ah, that’s so cool,† or â€Å"So, you got to play with toys all day.† I had been known to perfect my video game skills and snag action figures, but a toy store is not as fun as you may think. Children looked at me as though I was the epitome of fun and enjoyment as I offered assistance in my blue vest with a huge transfer of Geoffrey the Giraffe on the back. Parents came to me thinking I was an encyclopedia of dolls and board games. Though there was some truth to these assumptions, the three years I spent working in toys exhausted me, forced me to encounter some bizarre people, and exposed me to situations I could not have conceived would occur in a store for children. Most importantly it helped me gain an understanding of the diverse behavior exhibited by shoppers and allowed me to realize I have an incredibly high tolerance for ignorance. I officially became part of the â€Å"R Us family† when I started working for Toys R Us during the 1999 Christmas season. Prior to beginning my new job, I realized the difficulty in maintaining a smile and energy as hundreds of impatient, shop crazed parents destroyed isles of Legos and stuffed animals, while carting around crying infants, snotty toddlers and selfish adolescents. Regardless, I expected a personal reward in seeing children stand in awe of the mass amounts of toys the store kept in stock. Their happiness would bring me happiness. Plus, I would not have to get too involved with the children; they had parents that supervised them. I also felt a boost of Christmas spirit would be inspiring and much needed. How could I resist parents eager to buy Christmas gifts and children pointing out their favorite toys with smiles on their faces? Within the few weeks that composed the busiest shopping time of the year, customers were able to diminish my joy for the holiday season. My first anti-holiday experience occurred when I was learning how to run the registers. At this time, I was also learning that parents tend to feel a great need to please their children by purchasing the trendiest toys and by spending hundreds of dollars on Christmas presents. One such â€Å"guest,† as we are encouraged to refer to customers, a thin woman with fluffed brown hair, came through my lane with a cart full of toys.

Crumbling Dreams in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Crumbling Dreams in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman is a play best summed up in its title, it is just that, the death of a salesman. This death is not necessarily the physical end to a human life, but the crumbling end to the dreams of Willie Loman, the play's main character. The three main parts to Willie's world are his job, his family, and his image as seen by the rest of the world. Although these parts are interwoven and interrelated, they are best divided and given separate analysis. The first part of Willie's world is his job. Willie is a salesman for a large company in New York. Willie's self-image and much of his self-worth are based in his job. In his own mind he is still as he used to be, well known and well respected among the clientele in the New England area. Things have changed though and the people Willie once knew in the business are no longer there and he no longer has the connections he once had. His inability to cope with and adapt to this changing business has caused, among other things, a loss in pay. Willie has lost his competitive edge, and with it his feeling of self worth and identity. The second part of Willie's world is his family, more specifically his son, Biff. Biff is the firstborn and favorite son of Willie. Willie has high expectations of, and transfers his dreams, as so many fathers do, onto Biff. Biff can not live up to the expectations of his father and has dreams of his own which cause Willie to see him as a loafer, a shiftless bum with no desire to succeed. Although Willie's dreams are not realized in Biff, his son's respect is still important. This respect is lost when Biff catches his father in an affair with a young lady. Even though this is not talked about (Biff never told anyone, not even his mother) it still creates tension and causes Biff to lose the respect he once held for Willie. Willie's main philosophy in life is "Be liked and you will never want" and this is the cause of the problems in the third part of Willie's life, his image. Image is everything to Willie. In his past he was a well liked, well known, respected man who turned his image into his success, but his image has changed.

College students should wear a uniform Essay

When we were at elementary school until senior high school, we wore uniform as our identity. But when we go to college we took off our uniform and changed it into free style of clothes. Some people said that uniform is not good for college student because college students are mature enough to choose what they want to wear and also we will pay more to buy uniform. But I think wearing a uniform is more effective and uniform will keep student from social jealousy. There are some reasons why college student should wear a uniform; 1) wearing uniform is more effective and would keep everyone from wearing inappropriate clothes. I think student should at least look professional. By wearing sweatpants and hoodie it makes college students not work at as hard. We will look like a student at school if we wear an appropriate shirt, like uniform. Not one with wholes or too much cleavage.2) Wearing uniform in college can affect psychological of student in a positive way. Why do people like police m an, pilot, marine, army, and all people who are part of society wear uniform when they work? It is because when they wear a uniform, they can clearly see what they are, what they are responsible for, and what they jobs are. We can say the same thing to college student. They will be more responsible for being a student and they can clearly see that they are part of school and society. 3) No differences. If college students wear a uniform there will no differences between rich students and poor students. Poor student will enjoy their school life without thinking about clothes and style. Thus, college students should wear a uniform because wearing uniform is more effective. Outline Title: College students should wear a uniform in order to avoid social jealousy. Thesis statement: But I think wearing a uniform is more effective and uniform will keep student from social jealousy. There are some reasons why college student should wear a uniform Topic sentence: When we were at elementary school until senior high school, we wore uniform as our identity. 1st Reasons: wearing uniform is more effective and would keep everyone from wearing inappropriate clothes. 2nd Reason: Wearing uniform in college can affect psychological of student in a positive way. 3rd Reason : No differences. Refutation: Some people said that uniform is not good for college student because college students are mature enough to choose what they want to wear and also we will pay more to buy uniform. Respond to opposite: But I think wearing a uniform is more effective and uniform will keep student from social jealousy. Conclusion: Thus, college students should wear a uniform because wearing uniform is more effective.

Nursing Knowledge through the Nursing Process Essay

â€Å"The assessment phase of the nursing process is foundational for appropriate diagnosis, planning and ,† (Ackley & Ladwig, 2014, p3). This beginning phase of the nursing process is important for many reasons. Not only are we meeting our patients for the first time but we collect but object and subjective data to put together and create a picture of our patient. The nurse makes an assessment of the patient, utilizing all the information that is gathered and can better understand their needs. Each nurse, through time and practice, fine tunes these assessment tools needed to go even further into a patients needs such as the holistic approach of mind, body and spirit. Assessment information gathering is done by looking at the patient’s chart, discussing with the patient about their history, and even through communication with the family members. The subjective date we can gather from the patient and family can help us understand how they are feeling or thinking. A thorough health and medical history are important so that we can implement the best care designed specifically for that patient. The physical assessment is also important; this gives us objective information regarding the patient’s current vitals signs, physical head to toe and any diagnostic’s previously done or that need to be completed. The information that gathered in this phase helps create the next phase which is formulating a nursing diagnosis. Diagnosis Phase â€Å"In the diagnosis phase of the nursing process, the nurse begins clustering the information within the client story and formulating and formulates an evaluative judgment about a client’s health ,† (Ackley & Ladwig, 2014, p3). After a nurse gathers all the subjective and objective information about the patient alone with using their knowledge, we formulate a diagnosis using â€Å"NANDA,† â€Å"North American Nursing Diagnosis Association.† There is a list of  nursing diagnosis related to primary clinical issues and may or may not have secondary issues too. The patient may also have many different diagnosis’ that need to treat as well, so the gathering information phase prior to the diagnosis phase is paramount. â€Å" A working nursing diagnosis may have two or three parts. The two-part system consists of a nursing diagnosis and the ‘related to’ (r/t) statement†¦. â€Å"The three-part system consists of a nursing diagnosis. The ‘related to’ (r/t) statement and the designing characteristics, which are observable cues/inferences that cluster as manifestations of actual or wellness nursing diagnosis† (Ackley & Ludwig, 2014, p4). This three-part system helps the nurse understand the primary diagnosis and the symptoms involved and what those symptoms may be related to. Creating a nursing diagnosis takes into consideration all data collected, other health issues (chronic or acute), symptoms that need to be treated and taking it all in with a holistic approach as a nurse. The Outcomes / Planning Phase According to King (1997), In this phase the nurse is able to use the prior steps of the nursing process and build off of it for the Outcome/Planning phase. The nurse formulates a course of action based on the her assessment and nursing diagnosis. The nurse uses her critical thinking abilities to prioritize and develops specific nursing interventions and documents her plan accordingly. Implementation Phase The implementation phase of the nursing process is the stage where the nurse can put her nursing assessment to action. The Nurse Intervention Classification or NIC, is a system that defines nursing interventions and clusters them into families of therapies and treatments that gear toward a specific problem. According to Forbes, â€Å"Nursing requires robust clinical research to show that its interventions do not harm and have a beneficial effect.† In this vital stage of the nursing process, there is a certain level of knowledge needed effectively to accomplish a positive outcome for the patient. At this point, a substantial amount of scientific knowledge is also needed so to understand how the interventions that are chosen, will impact the outcome for the patient. (Forbes, 2009) The knowledge needed at this point are as follows: †¢Nurse must be able to understanding the medical knowledge of the diagnosis and how it impacts the patient’s physical and psychosocial functions †¢Nurse must be able to determine if the intervention will produce the desired outcome for the patient based on scientific research. †¢Nurse must know what equipment or resources needed for the chosen intervention †¢Nurse must know the patient’s current status , to be sure the intervention is still relevant †¢Nurse must be aware of patient’s spiritual and culture needs that may potentially hinder the interventions outcome. †¢Nurse must know what evidence will determine the effectiveness of the intervention Evaluation Phase The nursing knowledge is needed and describes the scientific basis of nursing knowledge. Evaluation is defined as the judgment of the effectiveness of nursing care to meet the patient’s goals. According to King (1997), in this step of the nursing process the nurse compares the patient’s behavioral responses with predetermined patients goals and outcome criteria. Evaluation is the final step in the nursing process. Although evaluation is the final step in the nursing process, it has concurrently run throughout all phases of the nursing process. The nursing knowledge that is needed in the Evaluation step of the nursing process in: Nurses must be able to identify criteria and standards. Nurses must be able to evaluate collected data. Nurses must be able to interpret and synthesise data. Nurses must be able to document findings and identify when goals are met, or when to revise, update, change or complete the care plan. References (2014). In B. J. Ackley, & G. B. Ladwig, Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care, Tenth Edition. Missouri: Mosby. Forbes, A. (2009). Clinical Intervention Research in Nursing . International Journal of Nursing Studies, pg 557-568. King JA, Morris LL, Fitz-Gibbon CT. How to Assess Program Implementation

The Amazing World Of Laughter and its Super Healing Power

The most wonderful gift that I’ve ever known in my life and from this Book of The amazing world of laughter & its super healing power is the gift of laugh, one of the greatest blessings of the Lord. In my readings, this gift if so special, because it gives us all the opportunities to overcome our weaknesses. It’s like when we are so down and when we are being neglected, we must know how to conquer it. We should try laughing, time over time. I am sure that, when we laugh without reasons, even though we look like an addict, we will be amaze by our actions so please!Don’t care what the people say. Especially when we are in a self-pity mode, we must know ourselves to be better be aware of what is new and what is need to be learned, because the effort is for us to take initial steps. Granting ourselves with happiness is the greatest gift that we can give to ourselves, because even if we have many moneys but we are not happy all those treasures will be burn into ashes, so be practical. Be wise, turn-on yourself into a version 2. 0 or push yourself into the next level. Be vigilant, fight this deceases of being lonely.May this term paper be filled with so much laughter and a Remnant of humorous topics, I hope you enjoy and find it interesting. So be ready fuel up your engine, because you’re ready to face a new battle. Gear up with your shining armor as you fight this enemy, Learn how to cope the enemy of laughter which is the loneliness. Best of Laughter, Kim Jasty S. Yanong Exposition (Body of the Review) As I review the book of the amazing world of laughter and its super healing power, I was in so much joy and happiness that I was one of all the people in this world to know the true meaning of Laughter.It has so many benefits, so many. That when we laugh and laugh we can almost forgot our problems. I was enlightened by the paragraphs and sentences; it gives me so much perseverance. I conclude from this book that being happy and gay is one of the reasons why, is the humans are healthy. It is such a very wonderful book to read. It is so FUN! we readers can learn more, beyond our wildest dreams and imaginations. I can also compile new ideas, and can use it for a better understanding.This book teaches me how to bear pains and trials without complain, this is a pabular to my soul. It can lead me to a pacificatory life. May this book abound more readers to find pleasure and have a great knowledge, wisdom and more power. Reviewing this book is so accommodating, because, this is so acquiescent from what I had written in my insights. It also helps me to admire myself that I can do more, that I can accomplish my desired goals and the way and how to act like a futuristic person.Initializing this book, can make me a valuable person that I have a role why on earth I lived in this astonishing planet, because I have a purpose driven life. I solemnly believe that each person has a different talent that we can contribute, to each oth er and to our Heavenly Father. As what I have encountered I was boosted with so much blissfulness, and I can feel it in my nerves. The alignment of our muscles, that if you practice laughing 10 minutes a day, you can’t stress yourself.If I recite all the warm fuzzy happenings in my life that I can connect to this book, I can guarantee you that I am sure that many and a lot of situations of stories of my life that I can type in a thousand pages of paper. In order for me to achieve, what I am now that’s because the things that I have learned in my past and it make me smile. Just like the testimonies of truths about the amazing world of laughter and its super healing power, in this book, people who wrote their histories was being done with other people as well, showing that a person is entitled to credit or has a right to express their experiences.We can all manage our life, our belongings and our precious loved ones. It has a lot of emotions and so many meanings that the author was filled with so much joy, that’s why she wrote this book like this. She handled it with care, from making to loving it. As she go further to write more books, may our God bless her books and all the readers that will not just only read her books but will also put it into an action with so much pure dignity and resourcefulness. Pure passion is the beginning of all.Without passion you can’t assure that you can make a perfect book, with paragraph that full of meanings, letters and words that are justified in pure intentions. As I see, tender loving care comes from this book. It is all my opinion, so I like what I have done and express all I want to say about the Book and also about the Author. I have a secret to confess, I just don’t like it but I loved it so much. Someday, I want to write my own insights, based on what I will study, because I admire it and adore it. I really, really, really love it. That’s all, I thank you.

buy custom Research Design in the Dissertation Process essay

buy custom Research Design in the Dissertation Process essay 1 Introduction Research methodology is a composite of research methods. Research methods analyze the procedures and principles of inquiry being applied during the evaluation of a certain discipline. This implies that the important concepts of research methodology in effect apply to research methods. The steps followed in a research method commences with a general question which is later narrowed down to a certain aspect. The aspect is designed for an exhaustive examination. Lastly, the research is concluded where the results are generalized before being disseminated to the public (Neuman, 2003). This paper examines the concepts that are applied in research methods as well as their design when undertaking a dissertation process. 2 Research Research work is organized through the formulation as well as the definition of a research problem. Problem definition involves the art of reasoning aimed at using detailed facts to define a general principle. During a research process, this principle is referred to as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is defined as the suggested account to a physical process. Problem definition helps in focusing the research process in a way that facilitates drawing of conclusions which in effect reflect the real world as much as possible. 2.1 Hypothesis Research is a process of evaluating a hypothesis with the aim of disproving it. The hypothesis under evaluation is referred to as the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the proposal that represents the present explanation of an aspect in the real world which the researcher wishes to challenge. Research methodology requires the researcher to provide a research hypothesis, commonly called the alternative hypothesis, as a substitute way of explaining the phenomenon (Bruce, 2007). The alternative hypothesis is formulated following the observation that the null hypothesis does not always give a precise explanation for a phenomenon. The researcher then proceeds with testing the hypothesis in an attempt to disprove the null hypothesis. His objective in testing of the hypothesis is to draw near the answer to the problem that is being evaluated. 2.2 Variables A variable is an agent or amount that is liable to change depending on certain factors. While some variables appear almost constant, for example, names of persons; others are seem to be constantly changing, for instance, the values in a stock-exchange (Bruce, 2007). Frequently, researchers have to measure and assess these variables; a scenario that necessitated their sober consideration in this paper. As pointed out earlier, a variable is a place-holder for anything that is liable to change. A researcher normally defines variables depending on what he/she is measuring. Apart from their rate of change, variables are classified into two broad categories: independent and dependent variables. While independent variables are the causes tha a researcher seeks to measure, dependent variables are the effects or assumed effects that come as a result of interaction between the independent variables and several other factors. The two categories of variables are commonly stated in hypotheses used during experimental researches. In some instances, the variables are not identifiable beforehand. In such a case, the researchers idea of what is going on is usually inadequate during the early stages of the inquiry. Variables are defined into measurable elements that facilitate accurate replication in research processes using fuzzy concepts (Bruce, 2007). These fuzzy concepts are vague ideas that us ually require clarification, and this clarification is done through the application of a procedure called operationalization. 3 Analysis A careful choice of a research method eases the analysis of a phenomenon thereby facilitating the procedure of drawing conclusions. The research method that is chosen has a bearing on what is stated as the causes, as well as the influencing factors in the phenomenon. Therefore, a researcher should choose a method that he is proficient in, also weigh the constraints which may affect his work. These constraints include time, ethical considerations, feasibility, money, and the measuring tools available. Selecting the right method can be challenging at times. Nevertheless, there are concepts which make the selection procedure appeal to researchers. A researcher needs to be realistic also try to minimize generalization and compromises (Bruce, 2007). With pure sciences like astrophysics and chemistry, experimentation and research methods are easily defined. Usually, the experimental methods are strictly quantitative. Fields such as social science, biology, and psychology have a broad selection of methods. In this case, a researcher is required to justify his/her choice. Although the selection process is arbitrary, it is recommended that the choice be based on strengths of the method. Strength means the effectiveness to draw a near perfect conclusion of an inquiry. In this paper, three basic categories of research methods are elaborated. They include experimental methods, opinion based methods, and observational methods. 3.1 Experimental Research Methods This is a straightforward method that involves experimenting with independent and quantitative variables with the aim of generating analyzable statistical data. It is ratio based, and researchers either accept or refute null hypotheses (Neuman, 2003). It is, however, expensive and requires rigorous designing, particularly when the experiment is large. Additionally, it is undesirable when using living organisms. This is because removing them from their natural environment affects their behavior. It is also inapplicable with some fields due to ethical considerations. Therefore, for the fields that luck quantifiable and definable variables, a researcher may find it challenging to use the experimental research method. This is because research works in such fields are required to be falsifiable and repeatable. 3.2 Opinion Based Research Methods This method usually requires a researcher to collect quantitative data for use in experimental design. In this method, measurements are arbitrary, and they follow the interval or ordinal pattern. When a researcher wishes to test preferences and emotions as he quantifies data collected from a sample, the use of questionnaires proves sufficient. Opinion based methods are cheaper than experimental ones. Moreover, they provide room for emotions and opinions of the participants, which allow for a directional approach; also aid in measuring intensity (Neuman, 2003). This research can also be performed through the quantification of behavior, where researchers apply a numerical scale that measures the intensity of behavior. Since a way of defining variables is lacking in this method, it is applicable for behaviors or emotions are measured. Although this method lacks the strength of the experimental research, it presents the advantage of being replicable. Additionally, its results can be fals ified. 3.3 Observational Research Methods This is a composition of varying research methods, requiring investigators to observe phenomena with minimal interference, e.g., case studies (William, 1997). The method tends to apply ordinal or nominal scales during measurement. It is usually applied when the research problem lacks clear definition, and in situations where questions are expected to arise during the study. It is mainly utilized in behavioral studies, anthropology, and social sciences. Although its experiments are not easily falsified and replicated, it offers useful insights that promote human knowledge. 4 Recommendations Opinion Based Research Methods is recommended as the good compromise which conducting research. This is because of their cost effectiveness and ease of their applicability. Furthermore, it does not involve the transfer of the sample, and; therefore, there is no behavioral change. Their strongest point is that their experiments are replicable and easily useful to other researchers. 5 Conclusion Some of the factors that affect the establishment of a conclusion are reliability and validity of measurement. Observations represent the empirical evidence, while conclusions are the results of logical thinking. For the research to be of benefit to everyone, they should provide a way of examining their observation, as well as their logic. This examination is meant to establish if similar conclusions are attained. Observatory errors may be as a result of misinterpretation, measurement problems, or unlikely random cases (William, 1997). Finally, it is important to note that the effectiveness of a method depends on research type, and no one method is beneficial to all kinds of research. Buy custom Research Design in the Dissertation Process essay

Difference and Usages Between To and Too

Difference and Usages Between To and Too Sometimes a seemingly small error can turn a great paper into a dud. Using to when you should have used too might seem like a small matter to you, but it can be one of those errors that make the red ink pens fly. This is one mix-up that makes teachers and professors crazy! The key to remembering when to use too instead of to is the extra o in too. The word too is used when youre referring to an extra or excessive amount of something. For instance: Im too tired to do another math problem. (excessively tired)Ive eaten too many blueberries and Im feeling sick. (an excessive amount)Im coming to your party too. (as an extra person)I think the school day starts too early. (excessively early) The word to has many uses. 1. It can be a preposition expressing a certain direction or location: I am going to the coffee shop. 2. It can be a proposition that identifies a thing or person being affected by something: That situation seems crazy to me. 3. It can make up (or indicate) an infinitive verb form. Marigold loves to sing.To live well is my goal. More Tips for Using Too If you are already in the habit of mixing to and too, it will take a little practice to correct yourself. They key is to stop and make a conscious decision each time you start to write the word to. Ask yourself if: You could substitute the word very.You could substitute the word excessively.You are dealing with an increase in number or degree of something.You could substitute the word also.Youre talking about going past a certain limit.You could substitute the word exceedingly. Notice how each case above deals with the notion of an extra amount? Just think about that extra o in too as you write and proofread. Youll be cured of a bad habit in no time!

so much to live for essays

so much to live for essays So Much To Live For takes place in Columbus, the capital of Ohio. It is in modern times. Half of this book takes place at a cancer camp an hour out of Columbus, Ohio. The cancer camp is a summer camp, so the weather is mostly sunny and warm. They Dawn Rochelle is the main character in So Much To Live For. She is 16 and has had a very tough life. She is still in remission after having leukemia, cancer of the blood. She is a very strong person and loves giving a helping hand whenever possible. She has a positive attitude toward life because she knows how precious it is. She works at an ice cream place with her best friend. She also works as a CIT at a cancer camp, that she once Dawn has had a hard life. She fought off cancer and lost one of her best friends to cancer. She is still in remission. Dawn knew a girl named Sandy from cancer camp last summer. Sandy died a few weeks after and the last day of camp was the last day Dawn saw her. Dawn is still very sad and it has taken her awhile to get over it. She finally finds the strength to go back to the camp this summer. When dawn arrived at the camp she remembered it very well. She had the best time at the camp and now she was there to help other kids enjoy themselves. She met another CIT, Brett. The became good friends and she found out that he was Sandys brother She was so happy that she had a connection to Sandy at last. He told her a lot of things about Sandy and how she loved Dawn so much. Dawn got very sad but she was When she met her group, for camp, she was very pleased with the girls and liked them a lot. She had a group of nice, sweet girls. Marley was the oldest and Dawn couldnt wait to meet her. When she gathered her group she noticed that Marley was missing. When they entered the cabin Marley had thrown Dawns things everywhere and was ...

Proper Nouns in English Grammar

Proper Nouns in English Grammar In English grammar, a  proper noun is a  noun belonging to the class of words used as names for specific or  unique individuals, events, or places, and may include real or fictional characters and settings. Unlike common nouns, which make up the vast majority of nouns in English, most proper nouns like Fred, New York, Mars, and Coca-Cola begin with a  capital letter. They may also be referred to as proper names for their function of naming specific things. Proper nouns are not typically  preceded by articles or other determiners, but there are numerous exceptions such as The Bronx or The Fourth of July. Furthermore, most proper nouns are singular, but again there are exceptions as in The United States and The Joneses. How Common Nouns Become Proper Oftentimes common nouns like river combine with the name of a specific person, location, or thing to form a proper noun phrase, such as the Colorado River or the Grand Canyon. When writing such a proper noun, it is correct to capitalize both when mentioned together, but also correct to repeat the common noun alone later in reference to the original proper noun while leaving the common one lowercase. In the example of the Colorado River, for instance, it would later be correct to refer to it as simply the river, if the writer has not mentioned another river. The primary difference between proper and common nouns stems from the uniqueness of reference for proper nouns wherein common nouns do not specifically reference any one particular person, place, or thing but rather the collective understanding of all of the persons, places, or things associated with the word. In that way, common nouns can become proper if they are colloquially used to specify one unique person, place, or thing. Take for instance the Colorado River, which runs through the center of Austin, Texas, and locals have taken to just calling the River. This common noun becomes a proper one because, in the geographic region of Austin, its used to name one specific river. The Lighter Side of Proper Nouns Many great authors have used the idea of capitalizing common nouns and making them proper to characterize specific inanimate objects or take a concept like Great Places and make them into a physical place in a fictional world. In Dr. Seuss Oh! The Places Youll Go! author Theodor Geisel makes the common unique, forming proper nouns to characterize and create fictional worlds for his zany characters to inhabit. Be your name Buxbaum or Bixby or Bray / or Mordecai Ali Van Allen O-Shea, he offers, youre off to Great Places! // Today is your day! J. R. R. Tolkien personifies a simple gold ring in his epic trilogy The Lord of the Rings, wherein he always capitalized the Ring, signifying it as a specific, proper noun because it is the One Ring to Rule Them All.   On the other hand, famed poet e. e. cummings (note the lack of capitalization) never capitalizes anything at all, including names and places and even the beginning of sentences, signaling the writers disregard for the concept of proper nouns entirely.

Treating learning disabilities Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Treating learning disabilities - Coursework Example Several people around the world are suffering learning disabilities that are not that easy to handle. Frustrating as it is, parents of such learners still find ways to have their children at least have something to shield themselves for the future. Learning might be hard for these individuals but the willingness of those people around them to have them taught makes the almost impossible possible. Through the years, several procedures of teaching has been adapted by several learning institutions in an aim of giving their students the best kind of education that they need to be shielded from the changes that are happening in the society. Frankly though, effective as these procedures are, learning institutions could not handle every need of every individual with learning disabilities all at the same time. These learners need more than just teaching; they need attention and care. Facing all these needs may be quite exhausting. Hence, to answer the issue, a proposed utilization of modern technology has been introduced to the society. From this process, it is believed that multitasking on the part of those attending the needs of these special learners would be much easier to handle. Through creating interactive games through virtual reality, these students are to be given practical process of growing to understand the games in their own pace and their own interpretation. Besides, the short time based games could help them realize the importance of the sense of achievement; a particular matter of satisfaction that could help special learners understand the importance of self-worth. There had been a series of debates over the effectiveness of this particular approach. Considerably, the importance placed on practically giving it a chance of being tested is the experiment hosted in this written report on VR games used as aides to learning for special learners. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Virtual Reality games have been practically programmed for leisure. Through the years though, observers of gamers found out that this kind of gaming give more than just fun or relaxation. From researches performed, it has been found out how these matters have been considered a source of intellectual training to the players. This is what is going to be tested through this written report. The development of a particular simple VR game and have it played by learners with learning difficulties shall be the basis of the results that are to be presented by the researchers herein. Patience, understanding and willingness to play shall be tested among the participants. The way that they respond to the experiment shall actually give a particular focus on how effective technology could be in enhancing the willingness to learn of someone who has an extraordinary case of learning. It is through this research that the proctors of the experiment believe that proving the high essential influence of technology to learners could be better identified. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researchers of this report aims to thank the proctors who approved of this experimental approach to testing the utilization of technology towards

Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the Kingdom of Bahrain and Essay

Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the Kingdom of Bahrain and Its Central Bank - Essay Example Eventually, major stock markets across the globe collapsed as big financial organizations failed or had to be bought out. The financial crisis had negative impacts on the gross domestic product of countries which in most cases declined indicating slowed economic growth rate (Mohsen, Abdulla and Jalal 1). The financial crisis also led to a reduction in employment rates globally and the general livelihood of the people deteriorated. The Kingdom of Bahrain is no exception to the devastating outcomes of the crisis. Even though the small Island in the Middle East has its economy supported by the oil and natural gas sector, the financial sector also contributes greatly to its economic development (Hamad 1). Effects Financial Crisis on the Economy the Kingdom Of Bahrain Like all other countries, the financial crisis affected the kingdom of Bahrain’s overall economic growth. Economic development of every country depends on continued investment. However, following the financial crisis, there were reduced liquidity levels in Bahrain which meant that capital investment reduced (Hamad 1). As in other countries globally, the financial crisis also resulted in slowed employment growth rate in Bahrain due to a reduction in the total economic output. Another notable aftermath of the global recession on Bahrain was a significant collapse of some financial institutions. In addition, the financial crisis negatively affected the profitability of banks since financial sector is a major contributor of economic growth, and slowed down the growth in GDP since financial institutions also influence asset acquisition and capital investment. and with the global financial crisis, the country experienced slowed investment rates (Mohsen, Abdulla and Jalal 4). The 2007/2008 financial crisis led to negative social impacts on the people of Bahrain. Following the financial crisis, liquidity reduced affecting the purchasing power of the people is negatively affected. Consequently, the welfa re of the people in Bahrain was adversely affected by the crisis. Those mostly hit by the financial crisis were in the low income bracket, especially since most of them lost their jobs. In addition, Bahrain benefits from trade tourism as people coming from different regions to trade (Hamad 1). However, the financial crisis made it more expensive for tourists to visit the country, significantly reducing the country’s foreign exchange earnings. The collapse of the stock market and some financial institutions also led to some people from Bahrain losing their investment, leading to psychological shock. Psychological shock also affected individuals who are dismissed from work or whose businesses had to be closed down. Despite the far reaching effects of the financial downturn, the financial health of Bahrain remained relatively stable. Although Bahrain’s economy was affected, it still grew at a steady rate and the banking sector remained relatively stable. According to Hama d, the relatively minimal effect of the global financial crisis on Bahrain resulted from the fact that the country does not approach its economic development in a â€Å"boom and bust approach† (1). The country has used a steady and gradual approach to economic and financial development while keeping the markets regulated. However, the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) has been instrumental in ensuring that it averted the negative outcome of current financial crisis. The Role of Central Bank in Bahrain The

Early Childhood Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Early Childhood Assessment - Essay Example ely participate in the process because they happen to spend most of the time with the child, and hence, are the best source of information about the child’s behavior. Assessments of young children are made primarily to enhance their readiness for school (NAP, 2011). Learning problems, if not attended to in the very early years of the child’s academic career, can aggravate with the passage of time and it is far more difficult to make them leave in a grown-up child as compared to an infant or toddler. The pattern of early childhood development is the most fundamental determinant of the development in the later years. In the contemporary age, there is so much competition among students that a child can not afford to be weak in any sense if he/she wants to build the career on the basis of his/her grades. In order to enable the child achieve his/her full potential and optimize on his/her skills to make best use of them, it is imperative that their problems are addressed at the right time, i.e. early

History- World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

History- World War I - Essay Example Since we consider these aspects as the reasons why WWI is worthy to be called a world war let us examine what was recorded and evaluate them relative to other great wars. Foremost, WWI was fought in different areas and has involved, either directly or indirectly, more countries than any other wars in Europe, Asia, and other parts of the world. Main action of the war occurred in Europe but parallel events also occurred in Africa, Middle East, and the Pacific. The main actions of the war were in the Western Front which stretched in an unbroken line of trenches from the English Channel to the Swiss frontier. The other side, the Eastern Front is fought between the Russians and German forces. Unlike any previous wars where only warring countries were involved, WWI included about sixteen countries with considerable armies mobilized to participate in the wars on either sides of the conflict. More than sixteen countries supported the Allied Forces lead by Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and the United States who joined the conflict later. In the other hand, the Central Powers included Germany, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. The war unfolded during the height of the Industrial Revolution in the beginning of the 20th century and the contribution of the advancement in science and technology added up to the magnitude of the war. As Badsey stated in his article â€Å"The Western Front and the Birth of Total War† published in the BBC website the war made possible the mobilization of large troops due to the advancement of railways and steamships. The use of automatic machine guns, advanced explosives, and chemical warfare were unveiled for the first time. The aircraft technology was also fully used for air raids and bombings. Unique to WWI is also the application of trench warfare for the first time, which was considered one of the reasons for greater war casualties since position and lines of forces were heavily